What is LED and its main uses Do you know what is LED? If not, then definitely read this article of today. Because in today's article, we will share with you the complete information related to LED. LED, whose full form is Light Emitting Diode, is a very latest and most widely used invention. It is a semiconductor device that emits light when electricity is passed through it.
Light is produced from semiconductor solid material, hence it is also called solid state device. Today LED is being used extensively in the world and it is increasing day by day. In today's article, we will learn about what is LED and how it works. So let's go ahead and know the complete details of What is LED.
LED ie Light Emitting Diode, is a semiconductor device that emits light when electric current flows through it. When current passes through the LED, the electrons recombine with the holes and in the process light is produced. In the light emitting diode, the current flows only in the forward direction, while it is blocked in the reverse direction.
These diodes are highly doped p-n junctions. Depending on the semiconductor material and the amount of doping, the LED emits colored light of a specific spectral wavelength. As you can see in the image below, the LED is sealed with a transparent cover so that the emitted light can come out.
LED symbolIn the image below you can see the LED symbol which is a standard symbol for diodes. The two small arrows shown in it are showing the light emission.
When and who invented LED? LED was invented by Nick Holonyak Jr. in 1962. Holonic is also called "Father of the light-emitting diode".
Principle of LED – Working Principle of LED Generally aluminum-gallium-arsenide (AIGaAs) material is used in LEDs. When the material is in its original state, its atoms are very strongly bonded. In such a situation, due to the absence of free electrons, it becomes impossible for the conduction of electricity.
Now in order to disturb the balance of the material, some impurities are added to it, which is called doping. Under this process extra atoms are introduced, which create free electrons in N-type system and holes in P-type system.
In both these ways the material becomes highly conductive. As soon as the electric current is passed, the electrons from N-type enter the Cathode (negative) and go towards P-type. And holes from P-types enter the anode (positive) and go towards the N-type. During this process, energy is generated in the form of light. Current never flows in the reverse direction in a semiconductor.
LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor light source in which P-type (amount of more holes) semiconductor and N-type (amount of more electrons) semiconductor are added. When a sufficient amount of voltage is applied, the electrons and holes recombine at the p-n junction and generate energy in the form of light.
If we talk about standard diode, then energy is generated in it in the form of heat. But in light emitting diode the energy is generated directly in the form of light (photon). This phenomenon is known as electroluminescence. Electroluminescence is an optical and electrical phenomenon where light is produced when an electrical current is passed through a material. If the voltage is increased then the light also becomes intense and reaches the maximum value.
How is the color of the LED light decided?
The color of the light emitted from the LED depends on the material used in the semiconducting element. Some of the colors of light available depending on the different materials are as follows:
Aluminum gallium arsenide (AIGaAs) emits infrared and red light. Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) provides blue, green and ultraviolet high-brightness light. Aluminum gallium indium phosphide (ALGaInP) gives yellow, orange and red colors with high brightness. Gallium phosphide (GaP) gives yellow and green colored light.
Types of LED – Types of LEDs are classified on the basis of their size, power and uses, you can see them below.
Based on Size:
Miniature Based on Power:
high power Based on usage:
FlashRGB LEDsBi and Tri-ColorAlphanumericLighting LEDs
Miniature LEDs – Nowadays these LEDs are used the most. These LEDs are available in single shape and color. They can be fitted directly to the circuit board without any heating or cooling device. They are divided into three parts on the basis of voltage, total watts, current and manufacturer:
low current
Standards
Ultra-High Output
Miniature LEDs are used in small applications such as cell phones, remote controls and calculators.
High Power LEDs – Higher output is available on the use of these LEDs as compared to normal LEDs. The light emitted from them is measured in lumens. These are also classified into three parts on the basis of luminous intensity, wavelength and voltage.
There is a danger of overheating in these LEDs, so heat absorbing material is used to keep them cool.
High power LEDs are used in vehicle headlights, high-powered lamps and many industrial and mechanical devices.
Flash LEDs – An integrated circuit is used with normal LEDs, which flashes the light with a specific frequency. They are connected directly to the power supply without the help of series resistors. They are used in vehicles and signboards.
RGB LEDs – RGB means red, green and blue LEDs. These three types of colors emerge from them and a new color is prepared by mixing these three primary colors. They are used in accent lights (focusing on one place), status lights and lights shows.
Bi and Tri-Color
Bi-Color LEDs – In this type of light, two colored LEDs are included in the same case. The wires in these are inversely parallel, that is, one is in the forward direction and the other is in the backward direction, which lights up only one LED at a time. The flow of current alternates between the two LEDs, causing color variation.
Tri-Color LEDs – In this two LEDs burn together and provide a third color.
Alphanumeric – These include segments which provide high flexibility and low power consumption.
Some of the LEDs involved are:
14 to 16 segments
These cover all 26 characters of the Roman alphabet in uppercase and also cover the
numerals 0-9.
7 segments
These cover a limited set of letters and all numbers.
matrix segment
It covers all alphabets, all numbers and all types of symbols.
Lighting LEDs – In these LEDs, aluminum / ceramic body is used, in which there is dissipation of heat, the example of which is Edison light bulb design.
The life of LED lights is more than that of normal lights, which is found between 11 to 20 years. Power consumption is very less when LED lights are lit. Their response time is very short, which is around 10 nanoseconds. LEDs do not require heating and warm-up time. They are very light in weight and their size is also small. Due to their uneven construction, they are able to tolerate shock and vibration. LED lights are available in many colours.
There is a concern in LEDs lights that it has crossed the safe limit of blue-light hazards, which are not safe for the eyes. Using LED in high temperature reduces its performance and can lead to its failure. If used with increased voltage and current, then the possibility of their getting damaged soon increases. These are more expensive than normal lights.
For TV Backlighting – The backlight of a television is the main source of power consumption. If LEDs are used for this, then they reduce the power consumption. The use of LEDs on the sides of the TV reduces power consumption. When LEDs are used directly behind the display, good contrast is available.
For Smartphone Backlighting – The use of LED can make the design of the smartphone thinner and its cost can also be reduced. The cost of LED depends on the display size of the smartphone. Due to the lower output voltage, the life of the battery becomes longer.
Use of LED in Displays – The use of LED display boards has become common now. They are used for road signs, billboards etc.
In Automotives – The use of LEDs in the automotive industry has increased significantly. With the use of LEDs, visibility is also good along with energy saving in vehicles. These are extensively used for back and rear in vehicles for better accessibility. The use of LEDs provides safety to the driver and pedestrians by increasing the visibility on the road.
To reduce the lights (dimming) - To reduce energy consumption, LEDs include dimming feature. This feature is used for global dimming (to dim LEDs together) and local dimming (to dim LEDs independently) appliances.
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